Muhammad Jamaluddin was born in Chittagong on 29 August 1950. He obtained his B. Sc. (Hons.) and M. Sc. degrees in Physics from the University of Dhaka.
Muhammad Jamaluddin started his career as an Exploration Geophysicist in Petrobangla in 1975 and retired from Petrobangla in 2007 as the Managing Director of BAPEX. Since his retirement from Petrobangla, he had been working as a consultant for different gas-sector projects of Asian Development Bank (ADB), Gustavson Associates, USA, SAARC Energy Center, Islamabad.
He served as a Member of the Board of Directors of Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration & Production Company Ltd., (BAPEX) and Pashchimanchal (West Zone) Gas Company Ltd (PGCL). Currently, he is a member of the Board of Directors of Grameen Shakti, Solar Shakti, Center for Mass Education in Science (CMES) and Grameen Construction Ltd.